In the Aveto Valley in northern Italy, a small population of wild horses once sparked heated debate. For some residents and authorities, they were seen as a problem. Animals that did not belong in the landscape and posed risks to people and agriculture.

For Evelina Isola, the story looked different.

As a naturalist, she was curious about a simple question: what if the horses were not the problem?

Together with her colleague Paola Marinari, Evelina began exploring whether these animals could live in balance with the ecosystem that surrounded them, a protected natural park governed by the European Habitats Directive. What started as a question soon became a long journey that would reshape how people in the region understood wildlife, conservation, and the role tourism could play in supporting both.

Today, Evelina is the co-founder and scientific manager of ReWild Liguria, an organization dedicated to promoting coexistence between people and wildlife in the region. But the story began years earlier, at a time when the horses’ future was far from certain.

From “problem” to possibility

The first turning point came in 2011. At the time, Paola was involved in a regional program aimed at removing the horses from the area. Authorities considered them dangerous, and capture operations had already begun. After a poaching incident and a series of problematic capture attempts, the Italian Ministry of Health intervened and halted the program.

For Paola, the moment sparked a shift in perspective.

She began to question whether adoption programs and removals were really the solution. Instead, she wondered if the presence of the horses, widely seen as a problem, could actually become an opportunity for the territory.

When Evelina joined the conversation, the two decided to approach the situation from a scientific perspective. They began collaborating with universities and researchers to study the horses and their relationship with the surrounding environment.

The results were striking. The animals had fully adapted to the landscape and were living in balance with other wildlife species without causing ecological damage. Rather than threatening the ecosystem, they had become part of it.

That discovery laid the foundation for a different approach to conservation, one rooted not in removal, but in coexistence.

Building a project from the ground up

The idea that the horses could be part of the landscape did not immediately win widespread support.

For years, Evelina and Paola worked almost entirely on their own. The project had no institutional backing and very limited resources. In rural areas, some residents still viewed the horses as a problem, and at times the two women even received threats.

Yet something else was happening at the same time.

Visitors, researchers, and students began arriving in the valley, curious about the horses and the research taking place around them. Universities from across Italy showed growing interest in studying the population.

In 2014, Evelina and Paola formally registered the brand “I Cavalli Selvaggi dell’Aveto – Wild Horsewatching®”, creating a recognizable framework for their work and laying the groundwork for a new kind of nature-based tourism experience.

What began as scientific research gradually evolved into a project that connected conservation, education, and tourism.

When visitors become part of the story

Over time, the initiative started attracting students from a wide range of disciplines.

Researchers studying the horses were not limited to ecology or biology. Some focused on ethology, anthropology, environmental law, and even territorial marketing, exploring the broader relationship between wildlife, communities, and landscapes.

For Evelina, one moment in particular stands out.

During one of the early excursions in the valley, she guided two Natural Sciences students from the University of Genoa. At the time, she had no idea how meaningful the experience would become.

One of those students, Sara, was on the verge of leaving university. She had nearly decided not to finish her degree. But through the project — and her encounters with the horses — she found a renewed sense of purpose.

Sara eventually completed her studies and became one of the most dedicated students working with the project.

For Evelina, experiences like this reveal something deeper about the initiative.

“It’s not only about wildlife conservation,” she says. “It’s also about inspiring people and helping them rediscover their place in nature.”

Learning that coexistence is a social process

Through years of research and dialogue, Evelina has come to understand that coexistence between people and wildlife does not happen automatically.

Scientific studies are important. Communication and awareness matter as well.

But they are not enough on their own.

Coexistence requires listening to communities, creating space for different perspectives, and building dialogue around shared landscapes. It is, at its core, a social process.

This realization has shaped the work of Rewild Liguria and the development of Wild Horsewatching, which allows visitors to observe the horses in a respectful way while learning about the delicate balance between wildlife, ecosystems, and local communities.

Visitors who join these excursions are often surprised by what they discover.

Many arrive expecting to simply observe wild animals. Instead, they leave with a different perspective on their own relationship with nature.

A growing network of people and ideas

Today, Rewild Liguria is still a relatively small organization, but it is no longer just two people.

Students who conducted thesis research with the project have continued supporting the initiative after graduating. Some now work in fields such as natural sciences, biology, anthropology, and equine science, contributing their expertise and helping expand the project’s reach.

These collaborations have created a growing network of people connected to the Aveto Valley and its wild horses.

Looking ahead, Evelina hopes to strengthen partnerships with universities, organizations, and institutions at both the national and international level. Greater collaboration could allow the project to exchange knowledge, build new research initiatives, and access resources needed to expand its impact.

Creating opportunities through nature

While conservation remains central to the project, Evelina also sees potential for something more.

Rural communities across Europe are facing economic and demographic challenges, and many traditional livelihoods are disappearing. Initiatives like Wild Horsewatching could offer a different kind of opportunity, one rooted in respect for nature and local landscapes.

“My hope is that this work can create real opportunities for people who live in this area,” Evelina explains.

Not simply tourism for its own sake, but meaningful work connected to the natural environment.

Today, much of the project still relies on voluntary effort and personal dedication. Evelina hopes that in the coming years it can evolve into a stable professional pathway for people interested in promoting coexistence with wildlife through nature-based experiences.

Beyond economic opportunities, she believes the project can also help shift how people see wildlife.

In many rural areas, the return of wild animals is often perceived as a threat. Projects like this one show that coexistence is possible, and that wildlife can also become a cultural, educational, and economic resource for communities.

A message for visitors

For Evelina, the deeper purpose of the project goes beyond conservation or tourism.

When visitors return home, she hopes they remember one simple idea.

“We do not go into nature as something separate from it,” she says. “We are nature.”

The horses of the Aveto Valley offer a reminder that humans are only one part of a much larger system. Observing wildlife can help people reconnect with that understanding in a very direct way.

The project also carries another message.

Fifteen years ago, the idea of rewilding tourism in the valley was almost unheard of. Two women began asking questions about the horses with no resources and little institutional support.

Yet their curiosity and determination created something that continues to grow.

Meaningful change, Evelina believes, often begins with small steps, and with the courage to imagine a different relationship between people, communities, and the natural world.

Anyone, anywhere, can start that conversation.